How College Admissions Has Changed (and What Families Need to Know)

One of the most common things we hear from parents is: “It wasn’t like this when I applied to college.”

And honestly? They’re right.

Over the past decade (even the past few years!), the college admissions landscape has changed dramatically. Rising application numbers, test-optional policies, shifts in institutional priorities, and increased competition at selective colleges have all contributed to a process that feels much more unpredictable than it used to.

This can be confusing and frustrating for navigating college planning, whether your family is going through the process for the first time or having a different experience than you might have a few years ago when an older child applied. It’s especially difficult when students who seem highly qualified receive unexpected admissions decisions.

But understanding why and how admissions has changed can help families approach the process more strategically and with more realistic expectations.

This post is the first in our series on understanding the current college admissions landscape. In this series, we’ll cover:

• How college admissions dramatically has changed over the last several years

• Why college rankings lists can be misleading

• Why strong students get rejected from selective colleges

Our goal isn’t to create fear around college admissions or discourage students from aiming high in their college search. 

Instead, we want to help families better understand the current landscape before decisions arrive so they can build balanced college lists, approach the application process thoughtfully, and make informed decisions down the road.

Acceptance Rates Have Changed. Dramatically.

Probably the most obvious change in college admissions that families notice is how much more competitive admissions has become at many colleges and universities.

Colleges are receiving more applications than ever, with many schools breaking application number records year after year. In part, this is because students are now applying to more colleges than they did in previous generations. Online platforms like the Common App have made it easier to submit applications to a larger number of schools.

Test-optional admissions policies have also contributed to an increase in applications at many institutions, particularly highly selective colleges. Students who may not have applied previously because of test score concerns are now adding more selective colleges to their lists.

Of course, it’s not just highly selective colleges that are impacted. What type of college students seek for their college experience also changes over time. We are currently seeing a massive swell of interest in large, southern colleges. Students are flocking to the south for warm weather, strong athletics, and school spirit.

How does this impact the college admissions landscape?

Well, when application numbers go up, acceptance rates go down. 

For families, this can create a disconnect between perception and reality. A college that may have once been considered a likely or target school for strong students may now be significantly more competitive.

It’s also important to understand that a lower acceptance rate does not necessarily mean a college suddenly became “better.” In many cases, it simply means:

• more students applied

• students applied to more schools overall

• the institution became more nationally visible

Acceptance rates are just one piece of a much larger picture.

Strong Students Are Competing Against Other Strong Students

Often, one of the most difficult parts of college admissions for families to understand is this:

At highly selective colleges, most applicants are academically qualified for admission.

Students applying to these institutions often have:

• Strong (even perfect!) GPAs

• Challenging coursework

• Impressive extracurricular involvement

• Competitive (even perfect!) test scores

Many colleges are not choosing between “qualified” and “unqualified” applicants. Instead, they are often choosing between thousands of students who look similarly strong on paper.

As an example, assuming there are around 27,000 high schools in the United States, there are also around 27,000 seniors who are at the top of their class. If all 27,000 of those students applied to Harvard or UNC Chapel Hill, or even the University of Tennessee, each valedictorian would not be admitted.

This is one reason why admissions outcomes can feel unpredictable, especially at highly selective schools or in competitive majors like engineering, computer science, nursing, or business.

A denial does not necessarily mean a student “wasn’t good enough.” Sometimes, it simply means there were far more qualified applicants than available spots.

This is also why building a balanced college list matters so much.

Many families understandably focus heavily on a small group of highly selective colleges, but admissions at those institutions can become difficult to predict for even the strongest students.

Colleges Are Building a Class, Not Ranking Applicants

Another major shift in admissions over the last decade that a significant percentage of colleges now practice holistic review. (What is holistic admissions? We’ve got you covered.)

But many parents assume the college admissions works something like this:

1. Colleges rank students by GPA and test scores

2. The students with the strongest numbers are admitted

Today, the process is often much more nuanced.

Colleges are not simply admitting students one statistic at a time. They are building an incoming class with a wide range of institutional priorities and goals.

These institutional priorities may include:

• enrollment goals for specific majors

• institutional mission and values

• geographic diversity

• first-generation college students

• artistic talent

• athletic recruitment

• gender balance

• demonstrated interest (at some colleges)

This does not mean academics no longer matter. Strong academic preparation remains the foundation of a successful college application.

But it does mean admissions decisions are influenced by factors families cannot always see from the outside.

Understanding this helps explain why two students with similar academic profiles may receive very different admissions results.

The Most Selective Colleges Represent a Tiny Slice of Higher Education

One challenge of modern-day college admissions is that families are constantly exposed to news and conversations about a relatively small group of ultra-selective colleges.

But it’s important to keep perspective: there are thousands of colleges and universities in the United States, and most admit a majority of applicants.

Keep in mind that most colleges offer:

• excellent academics

• strong career outcomes

• undergraduate research

• honors programs

• internship opportunities

• supportive campus communities

Students do not need to attend an Ivy League or Top 20 university to have a successful future. (And remember, the Ivy League is just an athletic conference!)

In fact, one of the most important parts of the college planning process is identifying a good college fit. That means schools where a student will:

• thrive academically

• feel personally and socially supported

• have access to meaningful opportunities

• graduate with a manageable financial situation

This is why we spend so much time with families discussing fit, balance, and long-term goals (not just prestige or rankings).

What Students Can Control

One of the most helpful things families can do is focus on the parts of the process students actually can control.

Students cannot control:

• institutional priorities

• application volume

• shifting admissions trends

• acceptance rates

But they can control:

• the rigor of their coursework

• their academic performance

• meaningful involvement outside the classroom

• building a balanced college list

• authentic essays and applications

• staying organized throughout the process

We go into greater detail on these topics in another blog post, What You Can & Can’t Control in College Admissions.

A successful college process is not about “gaming admissions.” It’s about understanding the landscape, making informed choices, and keeping options open.

Final Thoughts

The college admissions process has changed significantly over the past decade, and it’s understandable that many families feel overwhelmed by the current landscape.

But while admissions at some colleges have become more competitive and unpredictable, students still have many excellent opportunities available to them.

The key is approaching the process with:

• realistic expectations

• thoughtful planning

• flexibility

• perspective

This is one reason many families seek guidance during the college process. Not because every student needs an “Ivy League strategy,” but because understanding how admissions works today helps students and parents make calmer, more informed decisions.

In the next post in this series, we’ll take a closer look at one of the biggest drivers of admissions anxiety: college rankings… and why they may not tell the whole story.

Is your family looking for support navigating the college admissions landscape?

Let us help.

Do You Need Test Prep for the SAT or ACT?

Once a student has a testing plan in place for the SAT or ACT, the next question is often:

• Do we need test prep?

• And if so, what kind?

Like so many things in college admissions, there’s no one-size-fits-all answer. 

Some students see meaningful score improvements with structured preparation, while others do just fine with minimal prep. Some students need the accountability of a test prep tutor, while others can successfully self-study. 

The goal of this post is to help you understand:

• Why test prep can matter

• How to decide if it’s worth your time and investment

• The different types of SAT and ACT prep available

• Which option may be the best fit for you

At Advantage College Planning, we do not provide test prep directly. Instead, we help families determine whether prep makes sense and how it fits into a broader testing timeline and college admissions strategy. (If you haven’t already, you can read our Guide to Building A Standardized Testing Plan or What Does Test Optional Really Mean? for more context.)

Why Test Prep Matters

Test-taking is a skill. 

While the SAT and ACT are content-based exams covering certain academic subject areas, students are being tested on:

• Time management

• Reading efficiency

• Familiarity with question types

• Test-taking stamina

Because of this, preparation can help students:

• Improve pacing and confidence

• Avoid common mistakes

• Become more comfortable with the format

That said, test prep is not magic. It typically leads to incremental improvement, but dramatic score jumps are less common.

Do You Need Test Prep?

Not every student needs formal test prep.

Here are a few helpful questions to guide that decision:

1. Is there a gap between current scores and college goals?

If a student’s initial practice test score is already within the middle 50% range for their colleges, extensive prep may not be necessary.

If there’s a noticeable gap, targeted preparation may be worth considering.

2. Do YOU struggle with timing or test format?

Some students know the content but have difficulty finishing sections on time or navigating the exam's structure.

These students often benefit the most from prep.

3. ARE YOU self-motivated?

Students who are organized and disciplined may do well with self-guided prep.

Students who need structure or accountability may benefit from a class or tutor.

4. What role will testing play in the application?

In a test-optional landscape, not every student needs to prioritize testing heavily.
(You can read more about this in our post on test-optional admissions.)

Types of SAT & ACT Test Prep

There are three main approaches to test preparation:

• One-on-one tutoring

• Group classes or boot camps

• Self-guided preparation

Each has its place depending on the student.

1. Private Tutoring

WHAT IT IS:

One-on-one preparation for the SAT and ACT with a tutor, either in person or online.

PROS:

• Fully personalized approach

• Flexible pacing and scheduling

• Can target specific weaknesses

• Built-in accountability

CONS:

• Most expensive option

• Quality can vary between tutors

BEST FOR:

• Students looking for help with specific academic areas

• Students aiming for higher score increases

• Students who benefit from individualized support

Many of our students work with local test prep tutors or national tutoring services like our friends at Arborbridge. Check with your college consultant or your school counselor for recommended resources.

2. Group Classes or Boot Camps

WHAT IT IS:

Structured prep courses for the SAT and ACT, often meeting weekly or over a shorter, more intensive period.

PROS:

• More affordable than tutoring

• Structured schedule

• Covers test strategies and format

CONS:

• Less personalized

• Pace may not match every student’s needs

• Limited ability to address individual weaknesses

BEST FOR:

• Students who want structure but don’t need intensive support

• Students new to the test who want a general overview

• Families looking for a middle-ground option

3. Self-Guided Prep

WHAT IT IS:

Independent study for the SAT and ACT using books, online tools, and/or practice tests.

PROS:

• Most flexible

• Most affordable (often free)

• Students can focus on specific areas

CONS:

• Requires discipline and consistency

• No external accountability

• Harder to identify patterns of mistakes without guidance

BEST FOR:

• Self-motivated students

• Students already scoring close to their target range

• Students with limited time or budget

Both the SAT and ACT offer official practice tests and other test-prep resources on their websites. Khan Academy also offers free SAT prep resources.

How to Choose the Right Approach

When deciding between these options, consider:

• Budget: Tutoring can be a significant investment

• Timeline: Understanding your testing plan and how much time is available for prep

• Student personality: Some students need accountability, others prefer independence

• Score goals: Larger score increases often require more targeted support

It’s also worth remembering that more prep is not always better. Overloading a student with prep can lead to burnout, especially during an already busy junior year.

How Test Prep Fits Into the Bigger Picture

Standardized Testing is just one piece of the college application process.

A strong testing plan should align with:

• Academic course rigor: Don’t prioritize test prep over strong final grades in school!

• Extracurricular involvement: College applications ask about your extracurricular commitments. They don’t ask how many hours you devoted to preparing for the SAT or ACT.

• Application timelines: Make sure you have time to finish testing before college application deadlines.

• College list goals: How important will SAT or ACT scores be to the colleges you’re applying to?

Final Thoughts

Test prep can be helpful. But it’s not always necessary for every student, and it doesn’t need to be complicated.

The most effective approach is one that:

• Matches a student’s learning style

• Fits within their schedule

• Aligns with their college goals

If you’re unsure where to start, that’s exactly where planning comes in.

At Advantage College Planning, we help families think through when to test, how many times to test, and whether test prep is necessary at all.

We help students make strategic, informed decisions so that testing supports the rest of the process without overwhelm.

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Common questions about standardized testing

What does “test-optional” really mean?

Test optional means that students have the choice to send scores if they have them, but they will not be penalized if they choose not to include test scores as part of their application. Learn all about test-optional policies in our testing guide.

Should my student take the SAT or the ACT?

Colleges do not prefer one test over the other, so students should choose the test that best fits their strengths. Many students start by taking a diagnostic or practice version of each test, then focus their preparation on the one where they perform better or feel more comfortable. Read our full list of common standardized testing questions.

How many times should my student take the SAT or ACT?

Most students see the best results taking the SAT or ACT 2-3 times to take advantage of superscoring. We walk through how to build a testing plan in more detail in our full guide.

Guide to SAT and ACT Testing for College Admissions

Standardized testing has become one of the most confusing parts of the college admissions process in recent years. Between test-optional policies, changing test formats, and the choice between the SAT and ACT, many families aren’t sure where to start.

The good news is that testing does not have to be overwhelming. With a clear plan in place, students can approach the SAT or ACT strategically, avoid unnecessary stress, and make the most of their time.

At Advantage College Planning, we help families think through testing timelines and strategy as an important part of the overall college planning process. 

While we do not provide test preparation, we regularly help students determine when to test, which exam to prioritize, and how testing fits into their broader college application timeline.

In this guide, we’ll walk through how to build a standardized testing plan, including:

• Whether students need to take both the SAT and ACT

• How to decide which test is the better fit

• How many times students should plan to test

• Other important testing considerations

Do Students Need to Take Both the SAT and ACT?

Short answer: No. 

Most students do not need to take both tests multiple times.

Colleges accept both the SAT and the ACT, and they truly have no preference for which test a student submits. Admissions offices simply want to see the strongest score a student can achieve.

There also isn’t any added benefit to submitting scores from both tests. In fact, spending many valuable hours preparing for multiple SAT and ACT sittings is rarely the best use of a student's time. 

Here’s what we typically recommend:

1. Take a practice test: Taking a full-length diagnostic practice test of both the ACT and SAT is the best place to start. While students don’t need to prep for this practice test, they should take it seriously and try to emulate testing-conditions as closely as possible.

2. Compare scores: See how you did and identify which format feels like a better fit. Sometimes, a better fit looks like a higher score. Some students will outperform on one test. Their choice is usually pretty easy! For students who score in a similar range on both tests, which test felt better? Or which test did you hate the least?

3. Focus preparation and testing on that exam

Preparing for two different tests simultaneously can divide a student’s time and attention. Because the SAT and ACT emphasize slightly different skills and pacing, focusing on one test typically leads to stronger results.

SAT vs ACT: Which Test Is Better?

Neither test is objectively better. The right test is simply the one that plays to a student’s strengths and testing style.

Both exams have undergone significant updates in recent years, so understanding the differences can help students decide which test is a better fit.

The SAT (Digital SAT)

The SAT includes two sections:

• Reading & Writing

• Math

Key characteristics include:

• Adaptive format: Questions become harder or easier depending on how students perform earlier in the section

• Shorter test length: About 2 hours and 14 minutes

• More time per question compared to the ACT

Students who prefer the SAT often say they appreciate:

• A slightly slower pace

• Fewer questions overall

• The digital interface and tools

The SAT may be a good fit for students who like having more time to think through questions.

The ACT

The ACT includes four sections:

• English

• Math

• Reading

• Science (This section is optional in 2026, but we still recommend taking it!)

The ACT also includes an optional writing section that most students will not take. Few colleges require this section.

Key characteristics include:

• Linear Format: The questions are the same for every student taking that version of the exam.

• Slightly longer test length: About 2 hours and 55 minutes (without the optional writing section that most students won’t take)

• More questions and faster pacing

• A dedicated science reasoning section

• Less time per question than the SAT

Students who prefer the ACT often say they like:

• The straightforward question style

• The ability to move through questions quickly

• The more predictable structure

The ACT can be a good fit for students who are fast readers and comfortable working under time pressure.

How Many Times Should Students Take the SAT or ACT?

Taking the SAT or ACT more than once is normal and often beneficial because:

• Students become more familiar with the test format

• Many colleges superscore, combining the best section scores across multiple test dates

• Scores often improve slightly with experience and test prep

A typical testing timeline looks like this:

Junior Year

• First official test: winter or spring of junior year

• Second test: spring or early summer if needed

Summer / Early Fall of Senior Year

• Final opportunity to test before many college application deadlines

Students rarely need to test more than 3 times unless they are targeting a very specific score goal.

Testing too frequently can lead to burnout and diminishing returns.

Other Testing Considerations

Building a standardized testing plan involves more than simply choosing test dates.

Here are a few additional factors families should keep in mind.

Test-Optional Policies

Many colleges remain test-optional, meaning students can choose whether or not to submit SAT or ACT scores.

For some students, submitting strong scores can strengthen an application. For others, it may make sense to apply without testing.

We discuss how to think through this decision in more detail in our post on test-optional admissions policies.

Testing Timelines

Students should aim to complete most of their testing by the end of junior year whenever possible. This leaves room to focus on other parts of the college application process during senior fall, including essays and applications.

Students should also think about their own commitments and schedules when planning their test dates. Students with fall-specific activities (like a sport or marching band) may prefer to wait until the spring. 

Likewise, students with fuller spring schedules (including those taking several AP exams in May) might want to test in the fall, without the added pressure of a busy spring.

Preparation Matters

Students who prepare intentionally typically see stronger results.

Preparation may include:

• Practice tests

• Self-guided study using online resources

• Working with a test preparation tutor or program

Again, while we do not provide test prep, we regularly help students decide when to start preparing and when to schedule testing.

Score Goals

Testing should always be tied to a student’s college list.

A strong score for one college may be very different from a competitive score at another. Understanding score ranges at prospective colleges can help students determine whether additional testing is worth the time and energy.

Final Thoughts

Standardized testing doesn’t need to dominate the college planning process, but having a thoughtful testing plan can reduce stress and help students perform their best.

Most students will find success by:

• Taking practice versions of both tests

• Choosing the exam that fits them best

• Testing 2-3 times at strategic points in junior year and early senior year

• Aligning testing with their college goals

At Advantage College Planning, we work with families to build clear timelines and testing strategies as part of a comprehensive college planning process. 

If you’d like help building a personalized testing plan or college admissions timeline, reach out to see how we can help support your family.

What Math Should You Take in High School?

Choosing a high school math path can feel simple at first. You take the next class in your school’s math progression, you pass, you move on. But by the time students reach junior or senior year, math course selection suddenly carries much more weight.

Families often come to us asking:

• Do I really need to take Calculus?

• Is AP Statistics “enough” for college?

• What if my student struggled earlier in math?

The answer, as with most things in college planning, is: it depends. But there are some clear patterns in how colleges evaluate math progression, and understanding them early can help students make informed, strategic choices.

This post breaks down the math progression most commonly seen in North Carolina public schools. We’ll explain how colleges view those math courses and offer guidance on choosing the right senior-year math.

Not a high school student in North Carolina?

Keep reading! Since many of the classes we’ll discuss are accessible to students in other states, the information will still be useful.

NC Math Graduation Requirements

In North Carolina, students must earn four math credits to graduate:

• NC Math 1

• NC Math 2

• NC Math 3

• A fourth math aligned with post-high-school plans

That fourth math is where things can get complicated. Instead of one clear next step, students have choices. 

Options commonly include:

• NC Math 4

• Precalculus or AP Precalculus

• AP Statistics

• AP Calculus (AB or BC)

(Looking for IB or Dual Enrollment? Keep reading! We’ll cover these too!)

While NC Math 4 is specific to the state, every other course on this list is nationally recognized, meaning colleges across the country understand and evaluate them similarly.

It’s also worth noting that the UNC system (all public universities in North Carolina) minimum requirements include a fourth math, which can be Math 4 or higher.

Graduation requirements are the bare minimum. College expectations, especially at more selective schools, are often higher.

Why Math Progression Matters in College Admissions

Colleges do not look at math in isolation. They evaluate:

• How far a student progressed

• How consistently they advanced

• How well they performed at each level

A strong math transcript shows persistence, academic readiness, and comfort with increasing rigor. These are all positive indicators that a student will succeed in college.

For students planning to major in STEM subjects, economics, business, or some health sciences, plan to take your math progression at least through Precalculus, since most of these majors require Calculus in your first year of college. Taking Calculus in high school can also strengthen your application, especially if the colleges on your list admit by major.

Pro Tip: Look up the Course Requirements for your intended major on a college’s website to see what math courses students in that major are required to take. If you see Calculus listed, plan to take at least Precalculus in high school.

For students applying to highly selective colleges, Calculus is often an expected course (if it is available at your high school), regardless of intended major. Even humanities majors!

That said, rigor only helps if a student can perform well enough to keep moving forward.

Middle School Math Placement Matters

Many families don’t realize how early math progression decisions begin.

In NC, students who take NC Math 1 in 8th grade (or earlier) have the potential to reach AP Calculus AB or BC by senior year. 

Students who start Math 1 in 9th grade may not be able to advance as far as they’d like without doubling up on math or taking summer courses.

Neither path is inherently “wrong,” but the math courses chosen in middle school can:

• Limit access to Calculus later

• Shape competitiveness at selective colleges

• Influence which majors remain realistic options

This is why we encourage families to think long-term, even in middle school.

Common Senior-Year Math Options

NC Math 4

What it is:
A continuation of algebraic, trigonometric, functional, and statistical concepts introduced in Math 1–3.

Best fit for students who:

• Completed Math 1–3 but struggled with confidence or consistency

• Do not plan to major in a math-heavy field

• Want a supportive foundation before college math

• Are applying primarily to less selective colleges

College perspective:
Math 4 meets graduation requirements and UNC minimums, but it is seen as less rigorous than Precalculus or AP math options.

Precalculus / AP Precalculus

What it is:
A foundational course for Calculus, focusing on functions, trigonometry, and analytical thinking.

Best fit for students who:

• Did well in Math 3

• Plan to pursue majors that require Calculus

• Want to pursue a challenging math track

• Are applying to selective colleges where rigor matters

College perspective:
Precalculus is often considered the minimum endpoint for an advanced math progression, especially for those considering STEM, economics, or business.

AP Statistics

What it is:
A data-driven, applied math course focused on interpretation, probability, and analysis rather than algebraic manipulation.

Best fit for students who:

• Are strong in logic and pattern recognition

• Prefer applied math over abstract algebra

• Are interested in social sciences, some health sciences, or research

• Are applying to majors that will not require Calculus in college

• Have completed Calculus already and need a senior-year math

College perspective:
AP Statistics does not replace Precalculus or Calculus for majors that require Calculus in college. It is complementary, not sequential.

AP Calculus (AB or BC)

What it is:
A college-level Calculus course. AB covers the concepts of a first-semester college Calculus course; BC extends into second-semester material.

Best fit for students who:

• Are strong in math and completed Precalculus successfully

• Plan to major in STEM, math, engineering, economics, or business

• Are applying to highly selective colleges, regardless of major

• Want to demonstrate the highest level of rigor available

College perspective:
Taking Calculus in high school is a significant advantage when available. At very selective institutions, it is often expected, not optional.

What About IB & Dual Enrollment?

Not every high school offers AP Calculus or follows a traditional AP-based math pathway. Some students attend schools with International Baccalaureate (IB) programs, while others have access to dual enrollment through a local community college or university. 

These options can be strong choices, but only if they align with your long-term goals and are well understood by the colleges you’re applying to.

IB Math Courses

In the IB program, math courses are typically offered at Standard Level (SL) or Higher Level (HL).

In general:

• IB Math Analysis & Approaches HL is the most rigorous IB math option and is most comparable to an advanced Precalculus or Calculus-based sequence, though it is not exclusively Calculus.

• IB Math Analysis & Approaches SL is a rigorous course, but with less depth than AA HL.

• IB Math Applications & Interpretation (SL or HL) tends to focus more on Statistics and applied math.

For students planning to pursue STEM, business, economics, or other Calculus-based majors, colleges typically expect the most rigorous math option available within the IB framework. At IB schools, that usually means Analysis & Approaches HL.

Dual Enrollment Math Courses

Dual enrollment math courses can be a great option, especially when AP or IB math isn’t available. Students may take college-level Prealculus, Statistics, or Calculus through a local community college or university.

When evaluating dual enrollment math, colleges consider:

• Course level and content

• The institution offering the course

• How it fits into the student’s overall progression

A few important things to keep in mind:

• Dual enrollment can demonstrate rigor, but it doesn’t automatically carry more weight than AP or IB.

• Not all colleges will accept dual enrollment credit, even if they value the course for admissions.

• AP and IB are standardized curricula, meaning students taking these classes have the same learning outcomes regardless of where they’re located. Some colleges will not weigh dual enrollment as heavily because it is not standardized.

Dual enrollment Calculus can be a strong choice for students who are ready for it academically but don’t have access to advanced coursework at their high school. On the other hand, dual enrollment does not replace the academic rigor of AP or IB if your high school provides these options.

Rigor vs Performance

When it comes to math progression, we often see two common mistakes:

• Not taking a more advanced math because it “seems hard,” therefore limiting options down the road

• Taking a math class that is too challenging for the student, hoping the rigor will offset a lower grade

Students should pursue the most challenging math available to them that:

• They can succeed in (earn an A or B) without too much stress or burnout

• Aligns with their college goals

Remember, more advanced is not always better if it:

• Leads to significantly lower grades

• Undermines confidence

• Prevents continued progression

Most colleges would prefer a student who earns a strong grade in Precalculus over one who struggles through Calculus.

Final Thoughts

Math progression is one of the clearest academic signals on a high school transcript. It reflects long-term planning, readiness for college coursework, and the ability to handle increasing rigor.

Key takeaways:

• Students planning to take Calculus in college should aim to reach at least Precalculus in high school

• Calculus offers a real advantage when available, especially at selective colleges

• Early math placement matters, but it is not destiny

• The best math course is one that balances rigor with performance and allows continued growth

If you’re unsure which math track makes sense for your student, this is exactly the kind of decision that benefits from individualized planning. Math choices don’t exist in a vacuum, and the right answer depends on goals, strengths, and the colleges on a student’s list.

As always, we’re here to help you zoom out and make choices that keep options open.

SMART Goal Setting for High School Students

A new semester is a natural time to reset. Whether you’re coming off a strong academic season or hoping for a fresh start, goal setting can help high school students build focus, momentum, and confidence.

But not all goals are equally effective. For many students, goals that feel motivating at the start of the year end up forgotten or abandoned within a few weeks. So how can you actually set goals that stick?

At Advantage College Planning, we help students set meaningful, realistic, and effective goals, whether they’re focused on academic progress, personal growth, or long-term college planning.

Our secret? Structure and strategy.

Let’s walk through five steps to setting smarter goals this semester.

Categorize Your Goals

Before jumping straight into resolutions or goal-setting, take a moment to reflect on the different areas of your life that matter most. As a high school student, academic progress might be your top priority, but you’re more than your grades, and your goals should reflect that.

We recommend setting goals across a few categories. These can include:

• Academic: Coursework, study habits, time management

• Extracurricular: Club involvement, leadership, performance goals

• Personal growth: Hobbies, independence, curiosity

• Social/relational: Friendships, communication, free time

• College planning: Building a college list, researching majors, essay brainstorming

For some students, it may be helpful to think in terms of “inner” and “outer” goals: things you want to accomplish for yourself versus those that require collaboration or impact others.

This balanced approach helps students avoid overloading one part of their life while neglecting others. Remember, your success isn’t just about your GPA. 

Set SMART Goals

A goal without a plan is just a wish. 

To provide some framework for your goal, we’re a big fan of setting SMART goals. 

SMART goals are:

• Specific: You know exactly what you want to achieve

• Measurable: You have a way of determining whether you’ve met your goal

• Achievable: You’ve chosen a goal that is legitimately possible for you to achieve

• Relevant & Realistic: You’ve chosen a goal that matters to you and your future self, not just one that sounds impressive

• Time-bound: You have an idea of when you would like to achieve your goal

Most students (and people!) aren’t experts when it comes to effective goal setting. 

Have you ever set a goal that’s too vague to give you any real direction? Vague goals like “do better in school” or “get more involved” are hard to measure and even harder to stick to. Likewise, while we love self-confidence, some goals like “I want to get an A in this class when I currently have a D with only 3 weeks left in the semester” aren’t always realistic or achievable. 

A SMART goal helps you clarify exactly what you want to achieve and how you’ll get there.

Make A Plan

Setting your goal (even a SMART goal) is only part of the process. Following through with your goal can be a whole other ballgame. Once you’ve named your goal, you also need to have a plan in place to help you get there. 

What is your first step going to be?

And once you’ve taken that first step, what then?

Fill in the blanks: “Because I want to ________, I need to ________.”

Here are a few examples:

Because I want to get an A in Chemistry:

• I need to review quizzes one week before each test and meet with my teacher once a month for extra help.

Because I want to turn in all of my homework on time:

• I need to check my planner or school portal every afternoon .

• I also need to block TikTok on my phone before dinner so I can work on my assignments without distraction.

Because I want to earn a leadership position in my service club next year:

• I need to attend every meeting this semester and take notes on ways I can contribute.

• I also need to volunteer to plan and lead one service project by the end of April to show initiative.

Because I want to finish my college list by the end of June:

• I need to research two new colleges each week and take notes in my spreadsheet.

Use the “Because I want to… I need to…” formula to turn your goal into a clear action plan.

Know Your Obstacles

In The Art of War, General Sun Tzu states, “Know thy enemy and know yourself; in a hundred battles, you will never be defeated.” He probably wasn’t talking about goal setting as a high school student, but we still think it’s important to know your internal and external “enemies” to success. 

Once you’ve identified your goals and made a plan, take a moment to name what might stand in your way. What external circumstances or internal habits could keep you from following through?

Common obstacles include:

• Lack of structure or accountability

• Procrastination or lack of time management

• Competing priorities (sports, family obligations, part-time jobs)

• Stress, anxiety, or burnout

• Unexpected disruptions like illness or schedule changes

When we help students build college planning goals, we often talk about identifying roadblocks early so they don’t become excuses later. This step allows you to problem-solve before you're in the middle of a challenge.

Schedule Check-Ins

Every SMART goal needs a timeline, not just a deadline. 

Setting a hard deadline with no check-ins along the way is like learning your final grade at the end of the school year without seeing any graded assignments, progress reports, or quarter grades along the way. That’s a lot of pressure!

When you first set your goal, decide when you want to check-in on yourself. For some goals, you might want to have a monthly check-in. For others, once a semester might be enough. Scheduling a regular check-in will let you reflect on your progress, adjust your goal if necessary, and stay accountable.

Try setting a calendar reminder in your phone to revisit your goals. You can:

• Track what’s working (and what’s not)

• Make changes to your strategy if needed

• Re-motivate yourself with a progress update

• Reflect on how your priorities might be shifting

You don’t have to do it alone. Share your goals with someone who can help you stay on track, like a parent, mentor, advisor, or your college counselor. Even a short check-in can reignite your commitment and clarify your next step.

And remember: progress doesn’t always happen in a straight line.

Choose a Reward

There’s no shame in a little external motivation! Who else remembers the excitement of getting to go to the “treasure box” in third grade when you memorized your multiplication tables? 

We’re much more likely to follow through with a goal if there’s something pleasant waiting for us on the other side. A well-chosen reward (big or small) can keep you moving forward when your energy dips or your progress stalls. 

Some students are motivated by tangible rewards:

• A new book, hoodie, or hobby supply

• A special meal or sweet treat

• A break day to fully unplug and hang out with friends

Others respond more to the feeling of accomplishment:

• Checking a box on your to-do list

• Feeling proud of your consistency

• Sharing your success with someone else

You can tie your reward to your check-in points, or create a bigger reward for completing a long-term goal. The important part is that a reward creates a positive feedback loop that helps you stay motivated and connected to why the goal matters in the first place.

You Don’t Have to Do It All at Once

Effective goal setting isn’t about overhauling your life overnight. It’s about choosing a few meaningful goals, breaking them down into manageable steps, and committing to slow, steady progress.

Whether you're trying to improve your grades, reduce stress, or make headway on your college planning process, the key is consistency—not perfection.

Want extra support as you plan for college?

Advantage College Planning works with students to turn big dreams into concrete plans. From course and activity planning to college list building and essay support, we’re here to help you move forward with confidence.

Ready to set your goals? Start with one step today.

What to Do Over Winter Break (By Grade Level)

Winter break is a well-earned rest for high school students. After a long semester filled with classes, exams, and extracurricular activities, most students need time to recharge and spend time with family and friends. But winter break can also be a great opportunity to take small, thoughtful steps in your college planning process (without the pressure of schoolwork and packed schedules).

Whether you're just starting high school or deep in the college admissions process, there are simple ways to use winter break to reflect, get organized, and prepare for what’s ahead.

Here’s how students in each grade level can make the most of winter break, while still saving plenty of time to relax!

9th Grade: Exploring Your Interests

Focus: Curiosity & Awareness

Freshman year is about learning how high school works and discovering what interests you most. Winter break is a great time to reflect on what you’ve enjoyed so far and start paying attention to patterns.

Ask yourself:

• What subjects or topics have been most interesting so far?

• What clubs or activities have felt the most meaningful (or fun)?

• What are some moments this semester you’ve felt most like yourself?

Write down a few of your answers, even if they don’t seem important yet. You’ll be surprised how helpful it is later when you’re putting together applications or making decisions about courses and activities.

Other low-pressure ways to use winter break:

• Visit a nearby college campus just to walk around and notice how it feels.

• Try something new (a hobby, recipe, book, or outing) that pushes you outside your comfort zone.

• Start a running list of your meaningful extracurricular activities and hobbies in a Google Doc. This is the very first step in building your comprehensive student resume.

Remember: It’s not about “doing enough.” It’s about paying attention to what feels like you.

10th Grade: Build Good Habits & Awareness

Focus: Early college prep & reflection

Sophomore year is a great time to start thinking about college prep. No pressure, just gentle steps forward. You don’t need to decide where you want to go or what you want to study, but winter break is the perfect time to reflect on what’s working and what might need to shift.

Use winter break to:

• Reflect on the first half of the year: What went well? What could go better?

• Think about an academic subject or activity you might want to go deeper with.

• Update (or start!) your extracurricular activities in your student resume.

• Explore career interest surveys or personality assessments to learn more about your strengths and natural talents. The assessments over at NC Careers are a great place to start!

• Read something for fun (not something that’s assigned) just to keep your brain active.

• Learn about what colleges look for in high school students (spoiler: it’s not perfection).

• Begin exploring college websites or social media pages to get a feel for different campuses.

These small steps help you begin making intentional choices about your classes, extracurricular activities, and how you want to spend your time during junior year.

11th Grade: Start Your College Planning in Earnest

Focus: College Research & Early Application Prep

Junior year is often the most important year for the college admissions process, and winter break is your chance to pause and make a game plan before spring semester gets busy. Even one or two steps now can make your senior year college applications feel much less overwhelming.

Some smart ways to use winter break:

• Begin researching colleges that match your interests, values, and goals.
  (Need help? Check out our guide on How to Research Colleges.)

• Make a rough list of schools you’d like to learn more about. Don’t worry about creating the perfect list; it will change!

• Update your student resume or activity list.

• Visit local colleges or do a virtual college tour online.

• Journal about meaningful experiences. It’s great practice for the Common App essay.

• If you'll be taking the SAT or ACT in the spring, choose your test dates or explore prep options.

This isn’t about doing everything. It’s about starting thoughtfully and getting familiar with the process.

12th Grade: Finish Strong & Breathe

Focus: Final Deadlines & Transitions

Seniors are usually in one of two places during winter break: mostly finished with applications and ready to relax, or staring down January deadlines.

Either way, here’s what you can focus on this winter break:

• Submit any college applications due in early January.

• Make sure you’ve completed any financial aid requirements, especially the FAFSA and CSS Profile.

• Create a simple spreadsheet to track your college admissions decisions, emails, and scholarships.

• Write thank-you notes to teachers and counselors who wrote recommendations.

• Reflect on what you’ve learned through the college application process so far.

If you're done applying, let yourself rest. If you still have work to do, set aside one or two focused work sessions during break… then close your laptop and relax.

A Few Final Tips (For Every Grade)

• Don’t overdo it. Winter break isn’t about squeezing everything into a few weeks. One or two small steps can go a long way.

• Be intentional. Choose to spend your time in ways that feel meaningful to you.

• Talk to someone. Ask your family about their college experiences or careers. Have a casual chat with a sibling, friend, or mentor about your future plans.

• Trust the process. There’s no one perfect timeline, and no two students follow the same path.

Whether you're building a college list, wrapping up college applications, or just trying to figure out what you enjoy, winter break is a chance to take a breath and reconnect with yourself.

Final Thoughts: Progress, not Pressure

Families often ask what they “should” be doing over winter break. And the truth is, it depends. Some students are ready to dive into research or reflect on their goals. Others need rest more than anything.

Both are okay.

You don’t need a perfect college list or resume right now. You don’t need to squeeze productivity into every break or worry about falling behind. What matters is that you use the time in a way that feels meaningful and aligned with where you are.

If you do want to take a small step forward, use the ideas above as a guide. Your future self will thank you!

Winter break is also a great time to get started with a college planning consultant.

Want to learn more?

What is the School Profile?

There’s an important part of a completed college application that students never write, never edit, and may never even see.

When families think about college applications, they tend to focus on the pieces a student creates: essays, test scores, activities, recommendations, and transcripts. But there’s another document that plays a major role in how colleges understand a student’s accomplishments.

It’s called the School Profile, and it accompanies every transcript a high school sends to colleges. While it may be behind the scenes, the School Profile is one of the most important tools admissions officers use to evaluate an applicant fairly.

Understanding what the School Profile is (and how colleges use it) can help demystify the admissions process and reassure families that colleges are reviewing students within the unique context of their school, not against a universal standard that assumes every high school offers the same classes and opportunities.

What Is the School Profile?

A School Profile is a one to two-page document that provides and overview of a high school. It is created and updated each year by the high school counseling office and automatically sent to colleges along with every transcript. 

Its purpose is simple: To provide admissions officers with a clear understanding of the high school environment a student comes from.

Colleges don’t evaluate applicants in isolation; they evaluate them in the context of their high school. The School Profile explains what that context looks like so admissions readers can accurately interpret grades, course rigor, opportunities, and achievements.

Think of it as a lens through which colleges view the transcript. It’s impossible for admissions officers to have a working knowledge of every high school in the country. Without the School Profile, admissions officers would have no way to know whether a high school offers 20 AP classes or none, whether a B+ is considered excellent, or whether a senior class of 60 has different leadership opportunities compared to a class of 600.

What Information Does a School Profile Include?

Although every high school presents its profile a little differently, most include the same core categories. Together, they paint a detailed picture of the academic and community environment students are coming from.

1. Basic School Information

This is usually the first section and may include:

• School type (public, private, charter, magnet)

• Location and community description

• Enrollment numbers

• Number of students per grade

• Student-to-teacher ratio

• Demographic information, if the school chooses to share it

This helps admissions readers understand the scale and context of the school itself.

2. Curriculum & Academic Programs

Colleges don’t just want to know what courses a student took; they also want to know what courses were available to them. This section typically includes:

• Honors, AP, IB, or dual-enrollment offerings

• Career and technical education (CTE) options

• Specialized academies or tracks

• Limitations on access (for example: AP classes only available to juniors and seniors)

Admissions officers use this to understand the rigor of a student’s schedule relative to what the school provides. 

3. Grading Scale & GPA Policies

Grading systems vary widely from school to school. The profile explains:

• The school’s grading scale (90-100 = A, etc.)

• How GPA is calculated

• Whether GPAs are weighted or unweighted

• Class ranking policies, such as whether the high school ranks, doesn’t rank, or reports only deciles/quartiles

This section of the School Profile helps colleges interpret GPAs correctly and fairly. Some high schools will also include standardized testing averages in this section that reflect the average SAT and/or ACT score for the high school.

4. Graduation Requirements

This section outlines what students need to graduate, including:

• Minimum number of credits

• Required courses in math, English, science, social studies, world languages, etc.

• Community service or capstone project requirements

A student’s transcript makes much more sense when colleges understand the baseline expectations. 

The School Profile also helps admissions officers understand when a course is “missing” from a student’s transcript. Graduation requirements vary by state, and colleges (especially public universities) often base their posted minimum admission requirements on their own state standards. 

If a college lists a required credit (such as fine arts or a so many years of foreign language) that isn’t part of a student’s high school graduation requirements, the School Profile shows that the course wasn’t required. In most cases, colleges will waive that requirement once they understand the context.

5. Community & School Context

Some profiles include information like:

• Socioeconomic or demographic context

• Available opportunities (internships, arts programs, clubs)

• School mission or academic philosophy

• Notes on schedule structure (block schedule, trimester system)

• This also includes any school-wide schedule changes that the student experienced during their time in high school (going from year-long courses to semester courses, etc.)

This helps admissions officers understand the environment in which students learn and participate.

6. College Matriculation Information

Many profiles list the colleges where students in recent graduating classes have enrolled. This gives admissions readers a sense of:

• The school’s academic culture

• The typical range of where students from this high school attend college

• What selectivity levels students tend to target

Admissions officers interpret a student's choices and achievements against this backdrop.

How Colleges Use the School Profile

While the School Profile sounds like a technical document, colleges rely on it heavily. Admissions officers read thousands of applications from thousands of high schools each year. That’s far too many for anyone to remember all the details of each high school they come across. The profile ensures that each student’s academic history can be interpreted accurately and equitably, no matter who is reading the application.

Here’s how colleges use it:

To Understand Course Rigor

A student who takes 2 AP classes at a school that offers 4 is evaluated differently than a student who takes 2 AP classes at a school that offers 20. The School Profile shows what “rigorous” means in that specific high school environment.

To Contextualize GPA & Grades

A 3.8 at one school might place a student in the top 10%, while at another, it might be average.
A profile’s grading scale and ranking information help admissions officers interpret:

• How selective the grading is

• How competitive the environment is

• Whether the student is academically excelling relative to their peers

To Assess Access & Opportunity

Some schools offer dozens of electives and clubs; others offer very few. Admissions readers use the profile to understand:

• Whether leadership roles were competitive or limited

• Whether activities or programs (like robotics or theater) even exist

• What a student could participate in, not just what they did

This prevents students from being penalized for attending smaller or under-resourced schools.

To Provide Fair & Equitable Review

The School Profile helps level the playing field. Two students from completely different backgrounds should not be judged as though they had identical opportunities. The profile ensures colleges evaluate students on what they did with the opportunities and resources available to them—not on what their high school did or didn’t provide.

For colleges committed to holistic admissions, context is everything, and the School Profile is the primary source of that context.

Why Students Rarely See the School Profile (& Why That’s Okay)

Although every student’s application includes a School Profile, most never view it themselves. This is normal. Students don’t submit it or interact with it at all. Counselors send it automatically alongside transcripts.

If students or parents are curious, they can always request a copy from the counseling office. Some high schools also post their profiles publicly on their website.

But it’s important to emphasize: Students cannot influence what’s on the School Profile, and they are not expected to. This document is there to support the student, not evaluate them as individuals.

Key Takeaways

• The School Profile is one of the most important (but least talked about) parts of a college application.

• It provides essential context that helps colleges understand a student’s achievements within the environment of their high school.

• Admissions officers rely on it to assess course rigor, interpret grades, and ensure fair review.

• Students don’t write or edit the School Profile, and they don’t need to. All they need to do is focus on creating the strongest application possible.

In short, the School Profile is like a quiet partner to the transcript. It rounds out the picture of who a student is academically and ensures colleges can review their application with a full understanding of where their accomplishments were earned.

Guide to the National Merit Scholarship Program

Every fall, high school juniors across the country take the PSAT/NMSQT (Preliminary SAT and National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test). While it’s often considered to be “practice” for the SAT, it also serves another purpose: it’s the first step in the National Merit Scholarship Program.

If you’ve heard of National Merit before but aren’t quite sure how it works (or how much effort or time it actually involves) you’re not alone. The process can be a little confusing, and the benefits vary widely depending on a student’s goals and the colleges they’re considering. 

Here’s what families need to know about how the National Merit Scholarship Program works from start to finish.

How the Program Works

About 1.3 million juniors take the PSAT/NMSQT each year, and approximately 50,000 students earn recognition based on their scores. Do all 50,000 receive a scholarship? Not exactly.

From there, the field narrows through several stages:

• Commended Students

• Semifinalists

• Finalists

• National Merit Scholars

At its core, National Merit is a recognition program, and there’s no separate test or fee beyond taking the PSAT to be recognized. But for students who continue through the later stages, it can become a more substantial process involving essays, recommendation letters, and documentation.

Who Qualifies?

Eligibility is based primarily on the PSAT/NMSQT score taken during a student’s junior year of high school. Sophomore scores (the PSAT10) don’t count. To participate, students must also:

• Be U.S. citizens or legal permanent residents

• Be enrolled full-time in high school in the U.S. or a U.S. territory

• Plan to enroll in college full-time after graduation

That’s it! There’s no application at the start. Taking the PSAT/NMSQT as a junior automatically enters a student for National Merit consideration.

The Selection Index Equation

Now, time for some slightly confusing math.

National Merit recognition isn’t based on a student’s total PSAT score but on a special calculation called the Selection Index (SI). Here’s how it works:

1. Add together the three PSAT section scores: Reading, Writing and Language, and Math. Each section is scored from 8 to 38.

2. Multiply that sum by two.

For example, if a student earns 34 in Reading, 35 in Writing, and 36 in Math:
(34 + 35 + 36) × 2 = 210 Selection Index

Each state has its own cutoff score to qualify as a Semifinalist, which typically ranges from the mid-210s to mid-220s. These cutoffs change slightly each year depending on how students in that state perform overall. A Selection Index that qualifies in one state may not in another.

Commended Students

Of the 1.3 million test-takers, about 34,000 students earn Commended Student status. Their scores place them roughly in the top 3-4% nationally. Commended Students receive a formal letter of recognition (which can be added to a resume or the Honors section of the Common Application), but they do not continue in the scholarship competition.

Note: Some colleges or organizations may still offer small scholarships for Commended Students, but this recognition is largely honorary.

Semifinalists

Roughly 16,000 students (about 1% of U.S. seniors) qualify as Semifinalists, and this is where the process becomes more involved. Again, each state has a specific cutoff score that determines who advances to this level.

Semifinalists are notified early in their senior year. To move on to Finalist status, they must complete a separate application through the National Merit Scholarship Corporation, which includes:

• An essay

• A recommendation (typically from a school counselor or administrator)

• A high school transcript

• SAT or ACT scores that support their PSAT performance

It’s a meaningful recognition but also a commitment. The application process takes time to ensure every part is complete.

Finalists

From the pool of Semifinalists, about 15,000 students become National Merit Finalists. Finalists are announced in February of a student’s senior year.

At this point, all Finalists are technically eligible for National Merit Scholarships, but not all will receive one. Finalist status itself is still highly respected and can open scholarship doors at certain colleges.

For example, Semifinalists and Finalists are eligible for sizable merit scholarships at the University of Alabama.

National Merit Scholars & Types of Scholarships

Roughly 7,000 students ultimately earn the title of National Merit Scholar and receive a scholarship. These awards come from three main sources:

1. National Merit $2,500 Scholarships: One-time awards given directly by the National Merit Scholarship Corporation. Recipients are chosen based on academic record, test scores, activities, leadership, and their essay.

2. Corporate-Sponsored Merit Scholarships: Funded by businesses, foundations, or professional associations. These are often given to children of employees or students planning to pursue certain fields of study.

3. College-Sponsored Merit Scholarships: Provided by participating colleges to students who list that institution as their first choice with the NMSC. The amounts can vary widely: some are modest, while others are full-tuition or more.

The most significant financial benefits typically come from college-sponsored awards, especially at universities that use National Merit recognition to recruit top students.

Why It Matters (& When It Doesn’t)

For some students, National Merit recognition is an impressive achievement that can lead to major scholarships, particularly at certain public universities in the South and Midwest. 

At others, especially highly selective private colleges, it’s viewed more as an academic honor than a financial opportunity.

Because the competition is based (at least, at first) on a single test taken on a single day, it’s important to have perspective. A strong PSAT score can certainly open doors, but it’s just one piece of a much larger college application.

Timeline: From PSAT to Scholarships

October (Junior Year) 

• Take the PSAT/NMSQT. 

December-January (Junior Year) 

• PSAT scores are released online. Students can see their section scores and Selection Index.

September (Senior Year) 

• NMSC notifies schools of Semifinalists and Commended Students.

• Semifinalists begin working on their National Merit Finalist application, including essays, recommendations, and taking the SAT or ACT..

October-January (Senior Year) 

• NMSC applications are due.

• Students designate a “first choice” college for scholarship consideration.

February (Senior Year) 

• Finalists are announced.

• Students and schools are notified.

March–June (Senior Year) 

• National Merit Scholars are named, and scholarships are awarded.

• Corporate and college-sponsored awards are finalized throughout the spring.

Putting It All in Perspective

The National Merit Scholarship Program rewards academic excellence, but it’s also a long process for the few students who make it to the end. 

For most families, it’s best understood as a bonus opportunity rather than a goal to build your entire testing strategy around.

If a student scores high enough to qualify, that’s something to celebrate! And it’s worth following through on. 

But if not, remember that there are many other paths to scholarships and recognition. Colleges evaluate students holistically, and strong grades, essays, and activities still carry the most weight.

In short: take the PSAT seriously, but don’t let National Merit define your college planning process. An excellent college experience is still entirely within reach, with or without being a National Merit Scholar.

What Does an Independent Educational Consultant (IEC) Do & Why Work With One?

Navigating the college admissions process can feel overwhelming for students and families alike. That’s where an Independent Educational Consultant (IEC) comes in! 

Our role is to guide students through the exciting yet complex college planning journey, offering personalized advice and support every step of the way. 

At Advantage College Planning, we aim to simplify your college journey. We focus on helping students discover strengths, define goals, and build a college plan that reflects their authentic selves.

If you’re curious about what an IEC (also known as a college consultant) does—and why working with one can make a difference to your family—read on to learn more.

What Does an IEC Do?

At Advantage College Planning, our consultants help students and families make informed, thoughtful decisions throughout the college planning and admissions process. Here’s what that looks like in practice:

• Academic & Extracurricular Planning: Starting as early as 8th grade, we develop plans for in- and out-of-the-classroom that align with our students’ strengths, interests, and goals.

• Comprehensive Self-Exploration: We use personality and aptitude assessments to help students explore their interests and strengths and see how those connect to future career goals.

• College Research & List Development: We help students identify schools that are their best fit academically, socially, and financially.

• College Affordability: We assist families in understanding the financial aid process, from need-based aid to merit scholarships.

• Have you checked out our new FREE course, College Affordability Simplified?

• Application Strategy: From timelines to deadlines, we make sure students stay on track and organized.

• Essay Guidance: We guide students through the essay process, helping them craft authentic and meaningful essays that reflect their unique voice.

• Family Communication: We work to ensure that parents and students are on the same page, easing stress during a student’s senior year.

At its core, our work is about empowering students to approach the college process with confidence and excitement.

How Does an IEC Differ From a School Counselor?

School counselors play a critical role in the college admissions process. A successful application season isn’t possible without them! They are responsible for submitting transcripts, school profiles, and sometimes recommendations on a student’s behalf. School counselors also provide students with valuable resources, advice, and support—often while managing hundreds of other students at the same time.

Here’s how a college consultant can complement the work of a school counselor:

• Individualized Attention: While school counselors juggle large caseloads and many important job responsibilities outside of the college planning process, we focus on a smaller group of students to provide one-on-one guidance.

• Flexible Meeting Times: We meet with students and families on their schedules, including evenings and weekends.

• In-Depth College Knowledge: We stay up to date on colleges across the whole country, visiting campuses and researching programs to offer tailored recommendations.

• Customized Support: Every student’s journey is unique, and we adapt our process to reflect each family’s needs and goals.

School counselors are an essential part of the process, and working with an IEC is a way to add to that foundation, giving students even more tools for success.

Common Misconceptions About Working With an IEC

Let’s clear up some common myths:

• “It’s Only for High-Achieving Students”: We work with students of all academic levels to help them find the right fit based on their academic, career, and personal goals.

• “It’s Just About Prestigious Colleges”: Our focus is on finding the best fit for each student—not just chasing rankings.

• “An IEC Does the Work for the Student”: Definitely not! We guide and mentor students, but the hard work (and the success!) is ultimately theirs.

Who Benefits From Working With an IEC?

Families come to us for all kinds of reasons, but the one we hear most often is, “Things have changed so much since we went to college.” 

Whether it’s changing admissions trends, unfamiliar processes and terminology, or the sheer number of steps in the process, it’s no surprise that many families feel overwhelmed. That’s where we step in—to simplify the process and provide clear, personalized guidance.

Working with an IEC can be especially helpful for:

• Families Feeling Overwhelmed: If the admissions process feels like a maze, we’re here to guide you through it, step by step.

• Students with Unique Needs: From athletes and artists to those applying to niche programs, we offer tailored support to help you find your best fit.

• Students Who Need a Balanced List: We help students create thoughtful college lists that reflect academic, social, and financial fit—not just a collection of “reach” schools. Our students end the application process with plenty of options for their next step!

• Families Looking for Clarity & Harmony: We offer structure and project management so families don’t have to navigate everything alone. Plus, we act as a neutral third party to ease the stress of college-focused conversations at home.

No matter your starting point, we’re here to make the college admissions process clearer and more manageable so your entire family can enjoy senior year!

The Benefits of Working With Advantage College Planning

Here’s what makes our approach unique:

• Student-Centered Approach: We believe students should take ownership of their college journey, and we provide the tools and guidance to make that possible.

• Customized Guidance: No “one-size-fits-all” here! Each student’s path is tailored to their goals, strengths, and values.

• Focus on College Fit: Our priority isn’t prestige or rankings—it’s finding the schools that align best with each student’s academic, social, and financial needs.

• Calming the Stress: The admissions process can be overwhelming, but we break it into manageable steps to reduce anxiety for students and families.

• Authenticity Over Perfection: We help students present their true selves in applications, not what they think colleges want to see.

Next Steps

The college admissions process can feel overwhelming, but it doesn’t have to be. Working with an IEC offers personalized support, reduces stress, and helps students focus on what really matters: finding the right college fit and presenting their best, most authentic selves.

At Advantage College Planning, we’re committed to helping students and families navigate this exciting journey with clarity, confidence, and purpose.

Ready to learn more? Reach out for a consultation—we’d love to help your family take the next step.

How to Understand College Acceptance Rates

When students and families begin the college admissions process, one of the first numbers they look for is a school’s acceptance rate. 

At first glance, this percentage can seem like a reflection of your chances of getting into a particular college. For example, if a college has a 10% acceptance rate, does that mean you have a 10% chance of being admitted? Not exactly. 

The acceptance rate is a piece of the puzzle, but it doesn’t tell the whole story. Different factors can influence acceptance rates, which can create a misleading impression of your chances of admission. That’s why we want to help you understand the factors that impact college acceptance rates.

This guide will break down what goes into a college’s acceptance rate and how to understand what that number really means.

Deadlines: Early Decision vs. Early Action vs. Regular Decision

One major factor that can influence a college's acceptance rate is the type of deadline a student chooses. Many colleges offer multiple options: Early Decision (ED), Early Action (EA), and/or Regular Decision (RD). Each of these pathways can have different acceptance rates, often dramatically so.

Early Decision (ED): This is a binding application deadline, meaning that if you’re admitted, you must attend the school. ED applicants often see higher acceptance rates than those who apply Regular Decision because colleges know these students are committed to enroll. As a reminder, not all colleges offer an Early Decision deadline.

Early Action (EA): Unlike ED, Early Action is not binding. Students apply early and receive their admissions decision sooner, but they are not required to attend if admitted. The acceptance rate for EA is often slightly higher than RD but lower than ED, depending on the school. As a reminder not all colleges offer an Early Action deadline.

Regular Decision (RD): This is the most common application cycle (though fall deadlines are becoming more and more popular each year). RD applicants can end up facing more competition since this is often—but not always—the largest pool of applicants for a college. 

Some colleges are very transparent and report the acceptance rate breakdown across deadline types, but many colleges do not make this information publicly available. This can make it difficult for families to see how individual deadlines impact an overall acceptance rate. 

One of our favorite resources to understand how deadlines and acceptance rates comes from Big J Educational Consulting. They provide charts for many colleges that report this data, and they update them each year! 

Deadlines Part 2: Percentage of Class Filled Through Early Deadlines

Another important element to consider is how much of a college’s incoming class is filled through fall deadlines like Early Decision or Early Action. Many schools, especially highly selective ones, fill a large portion of their freshman class during the early rounds. 

Some schools may admit as much as 50-60% of their incoming class through Early Decision, leaving fewer spots available for Regular Decision applicants.

This impacts the overall acceptance rate because the more seats that are filled early, the fewer seats are left for later deadlines. This can make other deadlines, like Regular Decison, all the more competitive. For example, if a college admits 50% of its class through ED, the acceptance rate for RD applicants will be much lower, as more students are competing for far fewer spots. 

Understanding how a school uses its early rounds can help you better interpret what the acceptance rate really means for your chances.

Residency: In-State vs. Out-of-State at Public Universities

For public universities, residency plays a significant role in acceptance rates. Public institutions typically prioritize in-state students, offering them lower tuition and higher acceptance rates. Out-of-state students, on the other hand, often face more competition for fewer available spots.

For example, a public university might have an overall acceptance rate of 30%, but when broken down by residency, in-state students might have a 40% acceptance rate while out-of-state applicants see rates closer to 15%. 

Some states also have a requirement that a certain percentage of their incoming class consist of in-state students. For example, for North Carolina public institutions, state law requires that at least 82% of each year's admitted class are residents of North Carolina.

If you’re applying to a public university as an out-of-state student, it’s important to recognize that your actual chances may be different than the overall acceptance rate suggests.

Impacted Majors: Acceptance Rates by Major

It’s also important to recognize that not all majors have the same acceptance rate in the admissions process if a college admits by major. When colleges consider a student’s intended major as part of the admissions process, some majors are “impacted,” meaning they have more applicants than available spots. Impacted majors often have significantly lower acceptance rates than less popular programs.

For example, engineering, computer science, business, and nursing are commonly impacted majors at many universities. If you’re applying to one of these fields, you may face steeper competition than students applying to other programs, even at the same college. The overall acceptance rate might be 50%, but if you’re applying to an impacted major, your chances could be closer to 30%.

Researching how competitive your intended major is at a specific school can give you a more accurate picture of your chances of admission. It’s also worth considering other potential majors if you’re open to multiple academic interests.

Institutional Priorities

Colleges often have specific institutional priorities (IP), or unique goals for admissions, that can influence their admissions decisions in ways that aren’t immediately obvious from the acceptance rate. Admissions offices may prioritize certain groups of students, such as:

• Legacy applicants

• Recruited athletes

• Underrepresented groups (such as first-generation college students or students from underrepresented regions)

• Students applying to particular majors or programs that have been named institutional priorities

These students may have higher acceptance rates, which can affect the overall rate for other applicants. 

Most colleges, unfortunately, do not make all of their institutional priorities public knowledge. It’s one of the factors of admission students cannot control. However, referencing a college’s Common Data Set (Google College Name + Common Data Set) and reviewing the chart found in section C7 can help you understand what factors are considered in a college’s admissions decision.

Below, you can see some of the institutional priorities considered by Georgia Tech. While this is not a complete representation of the college’s IPs, you can see that the college does consider talent/ability, first-generation status, and residency in the admissions process but does not consider legacy status.

Chart C7 from Georgia Tech’s Common Data Set 2023-2024

Action Steps

Now that you know the factors influencing acceptance rates, how can you use this information to improve your college admissions strategy? Here’s what you can do:

Research Your Schools: Look beyond the overall acceptance rate. Check for information on Early Decision vs. Regular Decision rates, residency breakdowns, and how your intended major is impacted at each college. Understanding these details can help you apply strategically and make sure you have a balanced college list.

Understand The Numbers: Pay attention to how much of the class is admitted through ED or EA. If a school fills half of its class early, consider whether you’re a good candidate for early deadlines, especially if that’s your top choice.

Learn What You Can About Institutional Priorities: Try to understand a college’s specific priorities. If you’re a legacy student or an athlete, your chances might be higher, but if you’re applying as an out-of-state applicant to a state school, know that your chances might be lower.

Ask Questions: If you’re unsure about how certain factors may influence your application, don’t hesitate to reach out to admissions offices for clarification. Many colleges are transparent about their admissions process and are happy to provide information on how different variables impact acceptance rates.